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Jewish history of Sopron
(詳細はScarbantia)) was historically capital of the district of the same name. Its Jewish community, according to a document of 1526, dates from the 10th century and is one of the oldest in Hungary.
The town was destroyed by fire in 1317. Charles Robert invited Jewish colonists into the town in 1324; they lived there in peace until 1354, when they were expelled by Louis the Great. Most of them went to Austria and settled in Wiener-Neustadt. A few years afterward they were allowed to return, and in 1379 the Jewish population in Oedenburg amounted to 80, reaching 400 toward the end of the 15th century. Recognizing that the Jews constituted a valuable fiscal asset, Frederick III, to whom Elizabeth had mortgaged Oedenburg, took energetic measures to protect the Jews there against the aggression of their Christian fellow citizens and prevent their expulsion (1441). In 1490 the citizens of Oedenburg seized upon the Jews and cast them into prison with the declared intention of keeping them there until they consented to cancel the obligations of their Christian debtors; John Corvinus and Beatrix, however, took them under their protection.
== Expulsion in 1526 ==
Beginning with the 16th century the lot of the Jews in Oedenburg grew constantly worse, and they were often assailed by the people in spite of the "protection" of the feeble King Louis II. In 1526, after the battle of Mohács, they were expelled, their houses were broken into and plundered, and the so-called "Jews' account-book", in which the legally certified debts of the Christians were entered, was destroyed. Even the cemetery and the synagogue were wrecked. Some of the volumes now in the municipal archives of Oedenburg are covered with parchment that once constituted parts of books destroyed on this occasion. All these raids occurred with the consent of the mayor and the city council. The expelled Jews fled principally to Eisenstadt, Mattersdorf, and Kobersdorf, where they instituted suits for damages against the city of Ödenburg. The litigation lasted for 8 years and was decided partially in their favor, though their demand to be readmitted was rejected, Ferdinand I., on September 12, 1534, authorizing Oedenburg to refuse to readmit them. They were, however, allowed to visit the fairs and to peddle in the city. In 1615 peddling also was forbidden. Some time afterward it happened that they gained the favor of Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha, who was at this time prefect of the county of Oedenburg; he brought his influence to bear upon the city council in behalf of the Jews, with the result that in 1665 they were permitted to enter the city on Tuesdays and Wednesdays on presentation of a ticket, for which they had to pay 8 pfennig; but only one Jew was allowed to enter the city at a time.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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